时间和日期函数
更新时间：2022-09-13
PALO 支持的时间类型 包括 DATE 和 DATETIME 两种类型。
- DATE 类型格式为："2020-10-10"
- DATETIME 类型格式为："2020-10-10 11:10:06"
PALO 支持的日期和时间函数如下：
1.add_months
2.adddate
3.convert_tz
4.curdate,current_date
5.current_timestamp
6.curtime,current_time
7.date_add
8.date_sub
9.date_format
10.datediff
11.day,dayofmonth
12.dayname
13.dayofweek
14.dayofyear
15.days_add
16.days_diff
17.days_sub
18.extract
19.from_days
20.from_unixtime
21.unix_timestamp
22.utc_timestamp
23.hour
24.hours_add
25.hours_diff
26.hours_sub
27.localtime,localtimestamp
28.microseconds_add
29.microseconds_sub
30.minute
31.minutes_add
32.minutes_diff
33.minutes_sub
34.month
35.monthname
36.months_add
37.months_diff
38.months_sub
39.now
40.second
41.seconds_add
42.seconds_diff
43.seconds_sub
44.subdate
45.str_to_date
46.time_round
47.timediff
48.timestampadd
49.timestampdiff
50.to_date
51.to_days
52.weeks_add
53.weekofyear
54.weeks_diff
55.weeks_sub
56.quarter
57.year
58.year_floor
59.years_add
60.years_diff
61.years_sub
62.makedate
63.week
64.yearweek
ADD_MONTHS
Description
add_months(timestamp date, int months)
add_months(timestamp date, bigint months)- 功能：返回指定date加上months个月的新date。和months_add()相同
- 返回类型：timestamp类型
Example
如果这个月的这一日并不存在于目标月中，那么结果将是那个月的最后一天；如果参数中的months是负数，则是求先前的月。
mysql> select now(), add_months(now(), 2);
+---------------------+---------------------+
| now() | add_months(now(), 2)|
+---------------------+---------------------+
| 2016-05-31 10:47:00 | 2016-07-31 10:47:00 |
+---------------------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select now(), add_months(now(), 1);
+---------------------+---------------------+
| now() | add_months(now(), 1)|
+---------------------+---------------------+
| 2016-05-31 10:47:14 | 2016-06-30 10:47:14 |
+---------------------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select now(), add_months(now(), -1);
+---------------------+----------------------+
| now() | add_months(now(), -1)|
+---------------------+----------------------+
| 2016-05-31 10:47:31 | 2016-04-30 10:47:31 |
+---------------------+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)Keywords
add_monthsADDDATE
Description
adddate(timestamp startdate, int days)
adddate(timestamp startdate, bigint days)- 功能：给startdate加上指定的天数
- 返回类型：timestamp类型
Example
mysql> select adddate(date_column, 10) from big_table limit 1;
+-------------------------------+
| adddate(date_column, 10) |
+-------------------------------+
| 2014-01-11 00:00:00 |
+-------------------------------+Keywords
adddateCONVERT_TZ
Description
convert_tz(timestamp date, string from, string to)- 功能：转化指定时间的时区
- 返回类型：timestamp类型
Example
mysql> select convert_tz('2020-12-20 12:00:00','+00:00','+10:00');
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| convert_tz('2020-12-20 12:00:00', '+00:00', '+10:00') |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| 2020-12-20 22:00:00 |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.09 sec)Keywords
convert_tz CURDATE,CURRENT_DATE
Description
curdate()
current_date()- 功能：获取当前的日期
- 返回类型：timestamp类型
Example
mysql> select curdate();
+------------+
| curdate() |
+------------+
| 2020-12-25 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)
mysql> select current_date();
+----------------+
| current_date() |
+----------------+
| 2020-12-25 |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)Keywords
curdate,current_dateCURRENT_TIMESTAMP
Description
current_timestamp()- 功能：和now()函数功能相同，获取当前的时间
- 返回类型：timestamp类型
Example
mysql> select current_timestamp();
+---------------------+
| current_timestamp() |
+---------------------+
| 2020-12-25 14:13:10 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)Keywords
CURRENT_TIMESTAMPCURTIME,CURRENT_TIME
Description
curtime()
current_time()- 功能：获取当前的时间，不包含日期字段
- 返回类型：timestamp类型
Example
mysql> select curtime();
+-----------+
| curtime() |
+-----------+
| 14:24:07 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> select current_time();
+----------------+
| current_time() |
+----------------+
| 14:24:22 |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.08 sec)Keywords
curtime,current_timeDATE_ADD
Description
date_add(timestamp startdate, int days)- 功能：给TIMESTAMP值加上指定的天数。第一个参数可以是字符串，如果字符串符合TIMESTAMP数据类型的格式，该字符串会自动转成TIMESTAMP类型。第二个参数是时间间隔。
- 返回类型：timestamp类型
Example
mysql> select date_add('2020-12-25',20);
+-------------------------------------+
| date_add('2020-12-25 00:00:00', 20) |
+-------------------------------------+
| 2021-01-14 00:00:00 |
+-------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)Keywords
date_add
DATE_SUB
Description
date_sub(timestamp startdate, int days)- 功能：给TIMESTAMP值减去指定的天数。第一个参数可以是字符串，如果字符串符合TIMESTAMP数据类型的格式，该字符串会自动转成成TIMESTAMP类型。第二个参数是时间间隔。
- 返回类型：timestamp类型
Example
mysql> select date_sub('2020-12-25',20);
+-------------------------------------+
| date_sub('2020-12-25 00:00:00', 20) |
+-------------------------------------+
| 2020-12-05 00:00:00 |
+-------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)Keywords
date_subDATE_FORMAT
Description
date_format(timestamp day, string fmt)- 功能：将日期类型按照format的类型转化为字符串，当前支持最大128字节的字符串，如果返回长度超过128，则返回NULL。
- 返回类型：string类型
-
format的含义如下：
%a Abbreviated weekday name (Sun..Sat) %b Abbreviated month name (Jan..Dec) %c Month, numeric (0..12) %D Day of the month with English suffix (0th, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, …) %d Day of the month, numeric (00..31) %e Day of the month, numeric (0..31) %f Microseconds (000000..999999) %H Hour (00..23) %h Hour (01..12) %I Hour (01..12) %i Minutes, numeric (00..59) %j Day of year (001..366) %k Hour (0..23) %l Hour (1..12) %M Month name (January..December) %m Month, numeric (00..12) %p AM or PM %r Time, 12-hour (hh:mm:ss followed by AM or PM) %S Seconds (00..59) %s Seconds (00..59) %T Time, 24-hour (hh:mm:ss) %U Week (00..53), where Sunday is the first day of the week; WEEK() mode 0 %u Week (00..53), where Monday is the first day of the week; WEEK() mode 1 %V Week (01..53), where Sunday is the first day of the week; WEEK() mode 2; used with %X %v Week (01..53), where Monday is the first day of the week; WEEK() mode 3; used with %x %W Weekday name (Sunday..Saturday) %w Day of the week (0=Sunday..6=Saturday) %X Year for the week where Sunday is the first day of the week, numeric, four digits; used with %V %x Year for the week, where Monday is the first day of the week, numeric, four digits; used with %v %Y Year, numeric, four digits %y Year, numeric (two digits) %% A literal “%” character %x x, for any “x” not listed above
Example
mysql> select date_format('2009-10-04 22:23:00', '%W %M %Y');
+------------------------------------------------+
| date_format('2009-10-04 22:23:00', '%W %M %Y') |
+------------------------------------------------+
| Sunday October 2009 |
+------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select date_format('2007-10-04 22:23:00', '%H:%i:%s');
+------------------------------------------------+
| date_format('2007-10-04 22:23:00', '%H:%i:%s') |
+------------------------------------------------+
| 22:23:00 |
+------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select date_format('1900-10-04 22:23:00', '%D %y %a %d %m %b %j');
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| date_format('1900-10-04 22:23:00', '%D %y %a %d %m %b %j') |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| 4th 00 Thu 04 10 Oct 277 |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)
mysql> select date_format('1997-10-04 22:23:00', '%H %k %I %r %T %S %w');
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| date_format('1997-10-04 22:23:00', '%H %k %I %r %T %S %w') |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| 22 22 10 10:23:00 PM 22:23:00 00 6 |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)Keywords
date_formatDATEDIFF
Description
datediff(string enddate, string startdate)- 功能：返回两个日期的天数差值
- 返回类型：int类型
Example
mysql> select datediff('2020-12-25','2019-11-20');
+--------------------------------------------------------+
| datediff('2020-12-25 00:00:00', '2019-11-20 00:00:00') |
+--------------------------------------------------------+
| 401 |
+--------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)Keywords
datediffDAY,DAYOFMONTH
Description
day(string date)
dayofmonth(string date)- 功能：返回日期中的天字段
- 返回类型：int类型
Example
mysql> select day('2020-12-25');
+----------------------------+
| day('2020-12-25 00:00:00') |
+----------------------------+
| 25 |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> select dayofmonth('2020-12-25');
+-----------------------------------+
| dayofmonth('2020-12-25 00:00:00') |
+-----------------------------------+
| 25 |
+-----------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.07 sec)Keywords
day,dayofmonthDAYNAME
Description
dayname(timestamp date)- 功能：返回指定日期是星期几（英文）
- 返回类型：字符串类型
Example
mysql> select dayname('2020-12-25');
+--------------------------------+
| dayname('2020-12-25 00:00:00') |
+--------------------------------+
| Friday |
+--------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.04 sec)Keywords
dayname DAYOFWEEK
Description
dayofweek(timestamp date)-
功能：返回指定日期为星期几（数字）
说明: 1=Sunday, 2=Monday, 3=Tuesday, 4=Wednesday, 5=Thursday, 6=Friday, 7=Saturday.
- 返回类型：int类型
Example
mysql> select dayofweek('2020-12-25');
+----------------------------------+
| dayofweek('2020-12-25 00:00:00') |
+----------------------------------+
| 6 |
+----------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.07 sec)Keywords
dayofweekDAYOFYEAR
Description
dayofyear(timestamp date)- 功能：返回指定日期是当年的第几天
- 返回类型：int类型
Example
mysql> select dayofyear('2020-12-25');
+----------------------------------+
| dayofyear('2020-12-25 00:00:00') |
+----------------------------------+
| 360 |
+----------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)Keywords
dayofyear
DAYS_ADD
Description
days_add(timestamp startdate, int days)
days_add(timestamp startdate, bigint days)- 功能：给startdate加上指定的天数，和date_add函数相似，差别在于本函数的参数是TIMESTAMP类型而不是string类型。
- 返回类型：timestamp类型
Example
mysql> select days_add('2020-12-25',10);
+-------------------------------------+
| days_add('2020-12-25 00:00:00', 10) |
+-------------------------------------+
| 2021-01-04 00:00:00 |
+-------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)Keywords
days_addDAYS_DIFF
Description
days_diff(timestamp enddate, timestamp startdate)- 功能：开始时间到结束时间相差几天
- 返回类型：int类型
Example
mysql> select days_diff('2020-12-25','2020-10-1');
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| days_diff('2020-12-25 00:00:00', '2020-10-01 00:00:00') |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 85 |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.06 sec)Keywords
days_diffDAYS_SUB
Description
days_sub(timestamp startdate, int days)
days_sub(timestamp startdate, bigint days)- 功能：给startdate减去指定的天数，和date_sub函数相似，差别在于本函数的参数是TIMESTAMP类型而不是string类型。
- 返回类型：timestamp类型
Example
mysql> select days_sub('2020-12-25',20);
+-------------------------------------+
| days_sub('2020-12-25 00:00:00', 20) |
+-------------------------------------+
| 2020-12-05 00:00:00 |
+-------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)Keywords
days_subEXTRACT
Description
extract(unit FROM timestamp)- 功能：提取timestamp某个指定单位的值。单位可以为year, month, day, hour, minute或者second
- 返回类型：int类型
Example
mysql> select now() as right_now,
-> extract(year from now()) as this_year,
-> extract(month from now()) as this_month;
+---------------------+-----------+------------+
| right_now | this_year | this_month |
+---------------------+-----------+------------+
| 2020-12-25 18:27:13 | 2020 | 12 |
+---------------------+-----------+------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> select now() as right_now,
-> extract(day from now()) as this_day,
-> extract(hour from now()) as this_hour;
+---------------------+----------+-----------+
| right_now | this_day | this_hour |
+---------------------+----------+-----------+
| 2020-12-25 18:28:26 | 25 | 18 |
+---------------------+----------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)Keywords
extractFROM_DAYS
Description
from_days(int days)- 功能：返回从0000-00-00开始向后指定天数的日期
- 返回类型：timestamp
Example
mysql> select from_days(10000);
+------------------+
| from_days(10000) |
+------------------+
| 0027-05-19 |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.09 sec)Keywords
from_daysFROM_UNIXTIME
Description
from_unixtime(bigint unixtime,[ string format])- 功能：将unix时间（自1970年1月1日起经过的秒数）转换成相应格式的日期类型
- 返回类型：字符串类型
- 使用说明：当前日期格式是大小写敏感的，用户尤其要区分小写m（表达分钟）和大写M（表达月份）。日期字符串的完整型式是"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSSSSS"，也可以只包含其中部分字段。
Example
mysql> select from_unixtime(100000);
+-----------------------+
| from_unixtime(100000) |
+-----------------------+
| 1970-01-02 11:46:40 |
+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select from_unixtime(100000, 'yyyy-MM-dd');
+-------------------------------------+
| from_unixtime(100000, 'yyyy-MM-dd') |
+-------------------------------------+
| 1970-01-02 |
+-------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select from_unixtime(1392394861, 'yyyy-MM-dd');
+-----------------------------------------+
| from_unixtime(1392394861, 'yyyy-MM-dd') |
+-----------------------------------------+
| 2014-02-15 |
+-----------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)unix_timestamp()和from_unixtime()经常结合使用，将时间戳类型转换成指定格式的字符串。
mysql> select from_unixtime(unix_timestamp(now()), 'yyyy-MM-dd');
+--------------------------------------------------+
| from_unixtime(unix_timestamp(now()), '%Y-%m-%d') |
+--------------------------------------------------+
| 2020-12-25 |
+--------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> select from_unixtime(unix_timestamp(now()), '%Y %D %M');
+--------------------------------------------------+
| from_unixtime(unix_timestamp(now()), '%Y %D %M') |
+--------------------------------------------------+
| 2020 25th December |
+--------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)UNIX_TIMESTAMP
Description
unix_timestamp()
unix_timestamp(string datetime)
unix_timestamp(string datetime, string format)
unix_timestamp(timestamp datetime)- 功能：返回当前时间的时间戳（相对1970年1月1日的秒数）或者从一个指定的日期和时间转换成时间戳。返回的时间戳是相对于格林尼治时区的时间戳。
- 返回类型：bigint类型
Example
mysql> select unix_timestamp();
+------------------+
| unix_timestamp() |
+------------------+
| 1608896139 |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)Keywords
unix_timestampUTC_TIMESTAMP
Description
utc_timestamp()- 功能：返回当前格林尼治时区的时间
- 返回类型：timestamp
Example
mysql> select utc_timestamp();
+---------------------+
| utc_timestamp() |
+---------------------+
| 2020-12-25 11:39:30 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)Keywords
utc_timestampHOUR
Description
hour(string date)- 功能：返回字符串所表达日期的小时字段
- 返回类型：int类型
Example
mysql> select hour('2020-12-25 23:46');
+--------------------------+
| hour('2020-12-25 23:46') |
+--------------------------+
| 23 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)Keywords
hourHOURS_ADD
Description
hours_add(timestamp date, int hours)
hours_add(timestamp date, bigint hours)- 功能：返回指定的日期加上若干小时后的时间
- 返回类型：timestamp
Example
mysql> select hours_add('2020-12-25 18:00', 24);
+-----------------------------------+
| hours_add('2020-12-25 18:00', 24) |
+-----------------------------------+
| 2020-12-26 18:00:00 |
+-----------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.06 sec)
mysql> select hours_add(now(), 24);
+----------------------+
| hours_add(now(), 24) |
+----------------------+
| 2020-12-26 19:45:40 |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)Keywords
hours_addHOURS_DIFF
Description
hours_diff(timestamp enddate, timestamp startdate)- 功能：开始时间到结束时间相差几个小时
- 返回类型：int类型
Example
mysql> select hours_diff('2020-12-26 08:00','2020-12-25 20:00');
+----------------------------------------------------+
| hours_diff('2020-12-26 08:00', '2020-12-25 20:00') |
+----------------------------------------------------+
| 12 |
+----------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.04 sec)Keywords
hours_diffHOURS_SUB
Description
hours_sub(timestamp date, int hours)
hours_sub(timestamp date, bigint hours)- 功能：返回指定的日期减去若干小时后的时间
- 返回类型：timestamp
Example
mysql> select hours_sub('2020-12-25 20:00',12);
+-----------------------------------+
| hours_sub('2020-12-25 20:00', 12) |
+-----------------------------------+
| 2020-12-25 08:00:00 |
+-----------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.05 sec)Keywords
hours_subLOCALTIME,LOCALTIMESTAMP
Description
localtime ()
localtimestamp()- 功能：和now()函数功能相同，获取当前的时间
- 返回类型：timestamp类型
Example
mysql> select localtime();
+---------------------+
| localtime() |
+---------------------+
| 2020-12-25 19:52:56 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.04 sec)
mysql> select localtimestamp();
+---------------------+
| localtimestamp() |
+---------------------+
| 2020-12-25 19:53:10 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)Keywords
localtime,localtimestampMICROSECONDS_ADD
Description
microseconds_add(timestamp date, int microseconds)
microseconds_add(timestamp date, bigint microseconds)- 功能：返回指定的日期加上若干微秒后的时间
- 返回类型：timestamp
Example
mysql> select microseconds_add('2020-12-25',1000000);
+--------------------------------------------------+
| microseconds_add('2020-12-25 00:00:00', 1000000) |
+--------------------------------------------------+
| 2020-12-25 00:00:01 |
+--------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)Keywords
microseconds_addMICROSECONDS_SUB
Description
microseconds_sub(timestamp date, int microseconds)
microseconds_sub(timestamp date, bigint microseconds)- 功能：返回指定的日期减去若干微秒后的时间
- 返回类型：timestamp
Example
mysql> select microseconds_sub('2020-12-25',1000000);
+--------------------------------------------------+
| microseconds_sub('2020-12-25 00:00:00', 1000000) |
+--------------------------------------------------+
| 2020-12-24 23:59:59 |
+--------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)Keywords
microseconds_subMINUTE
Description
minute(string date)- 功能：返回字符串所表达日期的分钟字段
- 返回类型：int类型
Example
mysql> select minute('2020-12-25 20:25:35');
+-------------------------------+
| minute('2020-12-25 20:25:35') |
+-------------------------------+
| 25 |
+-------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.04 sec)Keywords
minuteMINUTES_ADD
Description
minutes_add(timestamp date, int minutes)
minutes_add(timestamp date, bigint minutes)- 功能：返回指定的日期加上若干分钟后的时间
- 返回类型：timestamp
Example
mysql> select minutes_add('2020-12-25 20:00:00',25);
+----------------------------------------+
| minutes_add('2020-12-25 20:00:00', 25) |
+----------------------------------------+
| 2020-12-25 20:25:00 |
+----------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)Keywords
minutes_addMINUTES_DIFF
Description
minutes_diff(timestamp enddate, timestamp startdate)- 功能：开始时间到结束时间相差几分钟
- 返回类型：int类型
Example
mysql> select minutes_diff('2020-12-25 22:00:00','2020-12-25 21:00:00');
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| minutes_diff('2020-12-25 22:00:00', '2020-12-25 21:00:00') |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| 60 |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)Keywords
minutes_diffMINUTES_SUB
Description
minutes_sub(timestamp date, int minutes)
minutes_sub(timestamp date, bigint minutes)- 功能：返回指定的日期减去若干分钟后的时间
- 返回类型：timestamp
Example
mysql> select minutes_sub('2020-12-25 20:00:00',25);
+----------------------------------------+
| minutes_sub('2020-12-25 20:00:00', 25) |
+----------------------------------------+
| 2020-12-25 19:35:00 |
+----------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)Keywords
minutes_subMONTH
Description
month(string date)- 功能：返回字符串所表达的日期的月份字段（数字）
- 返回类型：int类型
Example
mysql> select month('2020-12-25');
+------------------------------+
| month('2020-12-25 00:00:00') |
+------------------------------+
| 12 |
+------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)Keywords
monthMONTHNAME
Description
monthname(string date)- 功能：返回字符串所表达的日期的月份字段（英文）
- 返回类型：字符串类型
Example
mysql> select monthname('2020-12-25');
+----------------------------------+
| monthname('2020-12-25 00:00:00') |
+----------------------------------+
| December |
+----------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)Keywords
MONTHS_ADD
Description
months_add(timestamp date, int months)
months_add(timestamp date, bigint months)- 功能：返回指定的日期加上若干月份后的时间
- 返回类型：timestamp
Example
mysql> select months_add('2020-12-25',2);
+--------------------------------------+
| months_add('2020-12-25 00:00:00', 2) |
+--------------------------------------+
| 2021-02-25 00:00:00 |
+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)Keywords
months_addMONTHS_DIFF
Description
months_diff(timestamp enddate, timestamp startdate)- 功能：开始时间到结束时间相差几个月
- 返回类型：int类型
Example
mysql> select months_diff('2020-12-25','2020-05-25');
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| months_diff('2020-12-25 00:00:00', '2020-05-25 00:00:00') |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| 7 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)Keywords
months_diffMONTHS_SUB
Description
months_sub(timestamp date, int months)
months_sub(timestamp date, bigint months)- 功能：返回指定的日期减去若干月份后的时间
- 返回类型：timestamp
Example
mysql> select months_sub('2020-12-25',2);
+--------------------------------------+
| months_sub('2020-12-25 00:00:00', 2) |
+--------------------------------------+
| 2020-10-25 00:00:00 |
+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)Keywords
months_subNOW
Description
now()- 功能：返回当前的日期和时间（东八区的时区）
- 返回类型：timestamp
Example
mysql> select now();
+---------------------+
| now() |
+---------------------+
| 2020-12-25 20:36:03 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.20 sec)Keywords
nowSECOND
Description
second(string date)- 功能：返回字符串所表达的日期的秒字段
- 返回类型：int 类型
Example
mysql> select now() as right_now,
-> second(now());
+---------------------+---------------+
| right_now | second(now()) |
+---------------------+---------------+
| 2020-12-25 20:44:25 | 25 |
+---------------------+---------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)Keywords
secondSECONDS_ADD
Description
seconds_add(timestamp date, int seconds)
seconds_add(timestamp date, bigint seconds)- 功能：返回指定的日期加上若干秒后的时间
- 返回类型：timestamp
Example
mysql> select now() as right_now,
-> seconds_add(now(),20);
+---------------------+------------------------+
| right_now | seconds_add(now(), 20) |
+---------------------+------------------------+
| 2020-12-25 20:45:07 | 2020-12-25 20:45:27 |
+---------------------+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)Keywords
seconds_addSECONDS_DIFF
Description
seconds_diff(timestamp enddate, timestamp startdate)- 功能：开始时间到结束时间相差几秒钟
- 返回类型：int类型
Example
mysql> select seconds_diff('2020-12-25 08:00:00','2020-12-25 07:00:00');
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| seconds_diff('2020-12-25 08:00:00', '2020-12-25 07:00:00') |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3600 |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.05 sec)Keywords
seconds_diffSECONDS_SUB
Description
seconds_sub(timestamp date, int seconds)
seconds_sub(timestamp date, bigint seconds)- 功能：返回指定的日期减去若干秒后的时间
- 返回类型：timestamp
Example
mysql> select now() as right_now,
-> seconds_sub(now(),20);
+---------------------+------------------------+
| right_now | seconds_sub(now(), 20) |
+---------------------+------------------------+
| 2020-12-25 20:46:10 | 2020-12-25 20:45:50 |
+---------------------+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)Keywords
seconds_subSUBDATE
Description
subdate(timestamp startdate, int days)
subdate(timestamp startdate, bigint days)- 功能：从startdate的时间减去若干天后的时间。和date_sub()函数相似，但是本函数的第一个参数是确切的TIMESTAMP，而非可以转成TIMESTAMP类型的字符串。
- 返回类型：timestamp
Example
mysql> select subdate('2020-12-25',10);
+------------------------------------+
| subdate('2020-12-25 00:00:00', 10) |
+------------------------------------+
| 2020-12-15 00:00:00 |
+------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)Keywords
subdateSTR_TO_DATE
Description
str_to_date(string str, string format)- 功能：通过format指定的方式将str转化为timestamp类型，如果转化结果不对返回NULL。支持的format格式与date_format一致。
- 返回类型：timestamp
Example
mysql> select str_to_date('20201225 1130','%Y%m%d %h%i');
+---------------------------------------------+
| str_to_date('20201225 1130', '%Y%m%d %h%i') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| 2020-12-25 11:30:00 |
+---------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)Keywords
str_to_dateTIME_ROUND
Description
DATETIME TIME_ROUND(DATETIME expr)
DATETIME TIME_ROUND(DATETIME expr, INT period)
DATETIME TIME_ROUND(DATETIME expr, DATETIME origin)
DATETIME TIME_ROUND(DATETIME expr, INT period, DATETIME origin)- 功能：函数名 TIME_ROUND 由两部分组成，每部分由以下可选值组成 TIME: SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR, DAY, WEEK, MONTH, YEAR ROUND: FLOOR, CEIL 返回 expr 的上/下界。 period 指定每个周期有多少个 TIME 单位组成，默认为 1。 origin 指定周期的开始时间，默认为 1970-01-01T00:00:00，WEEK 的默认开始时间为 1970-01-04T00:00:00，即周日。可以比 expr 大。 请尽量选择常见 period，如 3 MONTH，90 MINUTE 等，如设置了非常用 period，请同时指定 origin。
- 返回类型：string类型
Example
MySQL> SELECT YEAR_FLOOR('20200202000000');
+------------------------------+
| year_floor('20200202000000') |
+------------------------------+
| 2020-01-01 00:00:00 |
+------------------------------+
MySQL> SELECT MONTH_CEIL(CAST('2020-02-02 13:09:20' AS DATETIME), 3); --quarter
+--------------------------------------------------------+
| month_ceil(CAST('2020-02-02 13:09:20' AS DATETIME), 3) |
+--------------------------------------------------------+
| 2020-04-01 00:00:00 |
+--------------------------------------------------------+
MySQL> SELECT WEEK_CEIL('2020-02-02 13:09:20', '2020-01-06'); --monday
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| week_ceil('2020-02-02 13:09:20', '2020-01-06 00:00:00') |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 2020-02-03 00:00:00 |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
MySQL> SELECT MONTH_CEIL(CAST('2020-02-02 13:09:20' AS DATETIME), 3, CAST('1970-01-09 00:00:00' AS DATETIME)); --next rent day
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| month_ceil(CAST('2020-02-02 13:09:20' AS DATETIME), 3, CAST('1970-01-09 00:00:00' AS DATETIME)) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2020-04-09 00:00:00 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+Keywords
TIME_ROUNDTIMEDIFF
Description
timediff(string enddate, string startdate)- 功能：返回两个时间的时间戳差值
- 返回类型：int类型
Example
mysql> select timediff('20201225','20201224');
+--------------------------------------------------------+
| timediff('2020-12-25 00:00:00', '2020-12-24 00:00:00') |
+--------------------------------------------------------+
| 24:00:00 |
+--------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)Keywords
timediffTIMESTAMPADD
Description
TIMESTAMPADD(unit, interval, DATETIME datetime_expr)- 功能：将整数表达式间隔添加到日期或日期时间表达式datetime_expr中。 unit可选值：SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR, DAY, WEEK, MONTH, YEAR
- 返回类型：string类型
Example
mysql> select timestampadd(DAY, 1, '2021-07-02 12:31:44');
+---------------------------------------------+
| timestampadd(DAY, 1, '2021-07-02 12:31:44') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| 2021-07-03 12:31:44 |
+---------------------------------------------+Keywords
timestampaddTIMESTAMPDIFF
Description
TIMESTAMPDIFF(unit,DATETIME datetime_expr1, DATETIME datetime_expr2)- 功能：返回datetime_expr2−datetime_expr1，其中datetime_expr1和datetime_expr2是日期或日期时间表达式。 结果(整数)的单位由unit参数给出。 unit可选值:SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR, DAY, WEEK, MONTH, YEAR
- 返回类型：int类型
Example
mysql> select timestampdiff(SECOND, '2021-07-01 12:31:44', '2021-07-02 12:31:44');
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| timestampdiff(SECOND, '2021-07-01 12:31:44', '2021-07-02 12:31:44') |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 86400 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+Keywords
timestampdiffTO_DATE
Description
to_date(timestamp)- 功能：返回timestamp的date域
- 返回类型：string类型
Example
mysql> select now() as right_now,
-> concat('The date today is ',to_date(now()),'.') as date_announcement;
+---------------------+-------------------------------+
| right_now | date_announcement |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+
| 2020-12-25 21:08:02 | The date today is 2020-12-25. |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)Keywords
to_dateTO_DAYS
Description
to_days(timestamp date)- 功能：返回从0000-00-00开始到指定日期的天数
- 返回类型：int类型
Example
mysql> select to_days('0000-12-25');
+-----------------------+
| to_days('0000-12-25') |
+-----------------------+
| 359 |
+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)Keywords
to_daysWEEK_ADD
Description
weeks_add(timestamp date, int weeks)
weeks_add(timestamp date, bigint weeks)- 功能：返回指定的日期加上若干周后的时间
- 返回类型：timestamp
Example
mysql> select weeks_add('2020-12-25',3);
+-------------------------------------+
| weeks_add('2020-12-25 00:00:00', 3) |
+-------------------------------------+
| 2021-01-15 00:00:00 |
+-------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)Keywords
weeks_addWEEKOFYEAR
Description
weekofyear(timestamp date)- 功能：获得一年中的第几周
- 返回类型：int
Example
mysql> select weekofyear('2020-12-25');
+-----------------------------------+
| weekofyear('2020-12-25 00:00:00') |
+-----------------------------------+
| 52 |
+-----------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)Keywords
weekofyearWEEK_DIFF
Description
weeks_diff(timestamp enddate, timestamp startdate)- 功能：开始时间到结束时间相差几个星期
- 返回类型：int类型
Example
mysql> select weeks_diff('2020-12-25','2020-10-25');
+----------------------------------------------------------+
| weeks_diff('2020-12-25 00:00:00', '2020-10-25 00:00:00') |
+----------------------------------------------------------+
| 8 |
+----------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)Keywords
weeks_diffWEEK_SUD
Description
weeks_sub(timestamp date, int weeks)
weeks_sub(timestamp date, bigint weeks)- 功能：返回指定的日期减去若干周后的时间
- 返回类型：timestamp
Example
mysql> select weeks_sub('2020-12-25',3);
+-------------------------------------+
| weeks_sub('2020-12-25 00:00:00', 3) |
+-------------------------------------+
| 2020-12-04 00:00:00 |
+-------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.28 sec)Keywords
weeks_subQUARTER
Description
quarter(timestamp date)- 功能：返回指定的日期所属季度
- 返回类型：int
Example
mysql> select quarter('2020-12-25');
+--------------------------------+
| quarter('2020-12-25 00:00:00') |
+--------------------------------+
| 4 |
+--------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)Keywords
quarterYEAR
Description
year(string date)- 功能：返回字符串所表达的日期的年字段
- 返回类型：int类型
Example
mysql> select year('2020-12-25');
+-----------------------------+
| year('2020-12-25 00:00:00') |
+-----------------------------+
| 2020 |
+-----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)Keywords
yearYEAR_FLOOR
Description
year_floor(timestamp date)- 功能：指定时间向下舍入，保留字段级别到年
- 返回类型：timestamp
Example
mysql> select year_floor('2020-12-25');
+-----------------------------------+
| year_floor('2020-12-25 00:00:00') |
+-----------------------------------+
| 2020-01-01 00:00:00 |
+-----------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.04 sec)Keywords
year_floorYEARS_ADD
Description
years_add(timestamp date, int years)
years_add(timestamp date, bigint years)- 功能：返回指定的日期加上若干年后的时间
- 返回类型：timestamp
Example
mysql> select years_add('2020-12-25',10);
+--------------------------------------+
| years_add('2020-12-25 00:00:00', 10) |
+--------------------------------------+
| 2030-12-25 00:00:00 |
+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)Keywords
years_addYEAR_DIFF
Description
years_diff(timestamp enddate, timestamp startdate)- 功能：开始时间到结束时间相差几年
- 返回类型：int类型
Example
mysql> select years_diff('2020-12-25','2011-04-30');
+----------------------------------------------------------+
| years_diff('2020-12-25 00:00:00', '2011-04-30 00:00:00') |
+----------------------------------------------------------+
| 9 |
+----------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)Keywords
years_diffYEAR_SUB
Description
years_sub(timestamp date, int years)
years_sub(timestamp date, bigint years)- 功能：返回指定的日期减去若干年的时间
- 返回类型：timestamp
Example
mysql> select years_sub('2020-12-25',10);
+--------------------------------------+
| years_sub('2020-12-25 00:00:00', 10) |
+--------------------------------------+
| 2010-12-25 00:00:00 |
+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)Keywords
years_subMAKEDATE
Description
DATE MAKEDATE(INT year, INT dayofyear)- 功能：返回指定年份和 dayofyear 构建的日期。dayofyear 必须大于0，否则结果为空。
- 返回类型：date
Example
mysql> select makedate(2021,1), makedate(2021,100), makedate(2021,400);
+-------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| makedate(2021, 1) | makedate(2021, 100) | makedate(2021, 400) |
+-------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| 2021-01-01 | 2021-04-10 | 2022-02-04 |
+-------------------+---------------------+---------------------+Keywords
makedateWEEK
Description
INT YEARWEEK(DATE date)
INT YEARWEEK(DATE date, INT mode)
*功能：返回指定日期的星期数。mode的值默认为0。
参数mode的作用参见下面的表格：
| Mode | 星期的第一天 | 星期数的范围 | 第一个星期的定义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 星期日 | 0-53 | 这一年中的第一个星期日所在的星期 |
| 1 | 星期一 | 0-53 | 这一年的日期所占的天数大于等于4天的第一个星期 |
| 2 | 星期日 | 1-53 | 这一年中的第一个星期日所在的星期 |
| 3 | 星期一 | 1-53 | 这一年的日期所占的天数大于等于4天的第一个星期 |
| 4 | 星期日 | 0-53 | 这一年的日期所占的天数大于等于4天的第一个星期 |
| 5 | 星期一 | 0-53 | 这一年中的第一个星期一所在的星期 |
| 6 | 星期日 | 1-53 | 这一年的日期所占的天数大于等于4天的第一个星期 |
| 7 | 星期一 | 1-53 | 这一年中的第一个星期一所在的星期 |
参数为Date或者Datetime类型
Example
mysql> select yearweek('2021-1-1');
+----------------------+
| yearweek('2021-1-1') |
+----------------------+
| 202052 |
+----------------------+
mysql> select yearweek('2020-7-1');
+----------------------+
| yearweek('2020-7-1') |
+----------------------+
| 202026 |
+----------------------+
mysql> select yearweek('2024-12-30',1);
+------------------------------------+
| yearweek('2024-12-30 00:00:00', 1) |
+------------------------------------+
| 202501 |
+------------------------------------+keywords
weekYEARWEEK
Description
INT YEARWEEK(DATE date)
INT YEARWEEK(DATE date, INT mode)- 功能：返回指定日期的年份和星期数。mode的值默认为0。
当日期所在的星期属于上一年时，返回的是上一年的年份和星期数；
当日期所在的星期属于下一年时，返回的是下一年的年份，星期数为1。
参数mode的作用参见下面的表格：
| Mode | 星期的第一天 | 星期数的范围 | 第一个星期的定义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 星期日 | 1-53 | 这一年中的第一个星期日所在的星期 |
| 1 | 星期一 | 1-53 | 这一年的日期所占的天数大于等于4天的第一个星期 |
| 2 | 星期日 | 1-53 | 这一年中的第一个星期日所在的星期 |
| 3 | 星期一 | 1-53 | 这一年的日期所占的天数大于等于4天的第一个星期 |
| 4 | 星期日 | 1-53 | 这一年的日期所占的天数大于等于4天的第一个星期 |
| 5 | 星期一 | 1-53 | 这一年中的第一个星期一所在的星期 |
| 6 | 星期日 | 1-53 | 这一年的日期所占的天数大于等于4天的第一个星期 |
| 7 | 星期一 | 1-53 | 这一年中的第一个星期一所在的星期 |
参数为Date或者Datetime类型
Example
mysql> select yearweek('2021-1-1');
+----------------------+
| yearweek('2021-1-1') |
+----------------------+
| 202052 |
+----------------------+
mysql> select yearweek('2020-7-1');
+----------------------+
| yearweek('2020-7-1') |
+----------------------+
| 202026 |
+----------------------+
mysql> select yearweek('2024-12-30',1);
+------------------------------------+
| yearweek('2024-12-30 00:00:00', 1) |
+------------------------------------+
| 202501 |
+------------------------------------+Keywords
yearweek