简介:本文深入探讨RouterOS中PCC负载均衡与ROS负载均衡分流的核心原理、配置方法及优化策略,帮助开发者与企业用户实现高效网络流量管理。
PCC是RouterOS中基于连接分类的负载均衡算法,通过哈希函数将每个数据包的五元组(源IP、目的IP、源端口、目的端口、协议类型)映射到特定链路,实现连接级的流量分配。其核心优势在于:
步骤1:定义负载均衡组
/ip firewall mangleadd action=mark-connection chain=prerouting in-interface=ether1 \new-connection-mark=conn_pcc passthrough=yes per-connection-classifier=both-addresses:2/0add action=mark-routing chain=prerouting connection-mark=conn_pcc \new-routing-mark=route_pcc passthrough=yes
both-addresses:2/0表示基于源IP和目的IP的哈希,将流量均分到2条链路(0和1)。new-routing-mark为后续路由策略提供标记。步骤2:配置路由策略
/ip routeadd dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 gateway=192.168.1.1 routing-mark=route_pcc scope=30 target-scope=10add dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 gateway=192.168.2.1 routing-mark=route_pcc scope=30 target-scope=10
routing-mark匹配PCC标记的流量。src-address或dst-port)。check-gateway功能监控链路状态,自动剔除故障路由。priority标记,优先保障关键业务流量。ROS(RouterOS)支持多种分流方式,需根据业务需求选择:
场景:将10.0.0.0/8网段流量导向链路1,其余流量导向链路2。
/ip firewall mangleadd action=mark-routing chain=prerouting dst-address=10.0.0.0/8 \new-routing-mark=route_internal passthrough=yesadd action=mark-routing chain=prerouting dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 \new-routing-mark=route_external passthrough=yes/ip routeadd dst-address=10.0.0.0/8 gateway=192.168.1.1 routing-mark=route_internaladd dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 gateway=192.168.2.1 routing-mark=route_external
Nth算法:按包数轮询分配流量,适用于无会话保持需求的场景。
/ip firewall mangleadd action=mark-routing chain=prerouting in-interface=ether1 \new-routing-mark=route_nth passthrough=yes per-connection-classifier=nth:2,1
nth:2,1表示每2个包中第1个走链路1,第2个走链路2。ECMP(等价多路径):结合BGP或OSPF动态发现多链路,实现自动分流。
某企业需同时保障内部办公(10.0.0.0/8)和外部访问(互联网)的稳定性,要求:
步骤1:配置基础路由
/ip routeadd dst-address=10.0.0.0/8 gateway=192.168.1.1 check-gateway=pingadd dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 gateway=192.168.2.1 check-gateway=ping
步骤2:添加分流规则
/ip firewall mangleadd action=mark-routing chain=prerouting dst-address=10.0.0.0/8 \new-routing-mark=route_internal passthrough=yesadd action=mark-routing chain=prerouting dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 \new-routing-mark=route_external passthrough=yes
步骤3:监控与告警
/tool netwatchadd host=192.168.1.1 timeout=1s up-script=":log info \"MPLS链路恢复\"" \down-script=":log error \"MPLS链路故障,切换至公网\""
/ip route print查看路由状态,确认active标记。/tool bandwidth-test模拟流量,观察各链路利用率。check-gateway和脚本实现故障自动切换。/ip traffic-flow和/system resource监控流量和资源。通过合理配置PCC负载均衡与ROS分流策略,企业可显著提升网络可靠性、降低延迟,并优化带宽成本。建议定期审查流量分布,动态调整策略以适应业务变化。