简介:本文详细介绍了如何使用JAVA API在分布式数据库中创建表,包括核心概念、API设计、代码实现及优化建议,帮助开发者高效完成分布式数据库开发任务。
分布式数据库通过将数据分散存储在多个物理节点上,实现了高可用性、可扩展性和负载均衡。JAVA作为企业级开发的主流语言,其API为分布式数据库操作提供了标准化接口。在开发过程中,创建表是最基础且关键的操作之一,直接影响后续的数据存储和查询效率。
public interface DistributedDDLOperations {
/**
* @param tableName 遵循snake_case命名规范
* @param columns 字段定义集合
* @param shardKey 分片键(必须包含主键)
*/
boolean createTable(String tableName,
List<ColumnDefinition> columns,
String shardKey) throws DistributedSQLException;
}
public class ColumnDefinition {
private String name;
private DataType type; // ENUM: INT,VARCHAR,TIMESTAMP等
private boolean nullable;
private boolean primaryKey;
private Object defaultValue;
// 分布式特需属性
private boolean globalIndex; // 是否创建全局二级索引
private int partitionFactor; // 分区因子(用于热点分散)
}
// 构建数据源(需预先配置分片规则)
DataSource dataSource = ShardingSphereDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(
createDataSourceMap(),
Collections.singleton(createShardingRuleConfiguration()),
new Properties());
// 执行DDL
try (Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection();
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement()) {
String sql = "CREATE TABLE t_order (" +
"order_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY," +
"user_id INT NOT NULL," +
"status VARCHAR(50)," +
"sharding_key INT" +
") ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4" +
"/* SHARDINGSPHERE_HINT: shardingKey=sharding_key */";
stmt.execute(sql);
} catch (SQLException e) {
// 处理分布式特有异常
if (e.getErrorCode() == 1234) {
throw new TableAlreadyExistsException();
}
}
动态分片表创建:
// 根据业务日期自动创建月度分表
LocalDate now = LocalDate.now();
String dynamicTableName = "orders_" + now.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyyMM"));
TableRuleConfiguration tableRuleConfig = new TableRuleConfiguration(
dynamicTableName,
"ds${0..1}.orders_${202301..202312}");
tableRuleConfig.setTableShardingStrategyConfig(
new StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration(
"create_time",
new PreciseShardingAlgorithm() {
@Override
public String doSharding(Collection<String> targets, PreciseShardingValue shardingValue) {
// 按月份路由
}
}));
// 使用连接批处理提升效率
connection.setAutoCommit(false);
Statement stmt = connection.createStatement();
for (TableSchema schema : schemas) {
stmt.addBatch(buildCreateSQL(schema));
if (++count % 100 == 0) {
stmt.executeBatch();
connection.commit();
}
}
stmt.executeBatch();
connection.commit();
// 使用Seata实现
@GlobalTransactional
public void createTablesWithReference() {
createTable("orders", ...);
createTable("order_items", ...); // 外键关联
// 出现异常时自动回滚两个表
}
通过合理设计JAVA API和遵循分布式数据库最佳实践,开发者可以高效完成建表操作。建议在实际项目中:
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